How to Buy Life Insurance

Buying life insurance is an easy way to protect your family after you're gone. If you know what to look for, you can get great coverage at a price you can afford.

Why Buy Life Insurance?
One of the biggest reasons to buy life insurance is to provide money in case of death. If you're single and don't want to leave money to anyone, you may not need life insurance. But as you take on more responsibilities and your family grows, your need for life insurance increases. The proceeds from a life insurance policy can replace the income lost to your family upon your death. The life insurance death benefit can also pay off debts and expenses, provide money to a charity or organization, and cover final and estate expenses.

Term or Cash Value?
There are two basic types of life insurance: term life insurance, which provides life insurance coverage for a specified period of time (the term), and whole life (permanent or cash value) insurance, which combines a death benefit with a cash value component. Term life insurance generally offers the most protection for the smallest price. Many term policies are renewable, meaning that you can purchase them again for the same term even if your health or circumstances have changed, although the premium may increase on renewal. Some term policies (called "convertible") will permit you to convert the term life insurance policy to a permanent one at some point without undergoing an evaluation.

The advantage of cash value life insurance is that it offers lifetime protection. However, some types of permanent life insurance act more like investments, meaning that their ultimate value depends in part on the performance of their stocks and bonds. Permanent life insurance generally has much higher premiums, especially initially, but unlike term insurance, it can also be used as an investment and retirement vehicle. With term life insurance, you protect you family's financial future for a smaller premium payment. For a higher premium, permanent life insurance gives you financial protection now and savings for the future. To further compare types of life insurance, see our article on term vs. cash value life insurance.

Choose a Coverage Amount
The amount of life insurance protection you should buy depends on how much income your survivors will need, how much you own and owe, and the amount of other life insurance available to you. If you're married, both you and your spouse should consider buying life insurance. One of the easiest ways to estimate how much life insurance protection you should buy is to use a life insurance needs calculator.

What Term?
Term life insurance is usually offered for periods ranging from 1 to 30 years. Consider choosing a term that matches your need for life insurance protection. For instance, if your main reason for buying life insurance is to protect your 7-year-old twins until they're out of college, you'll want to buy a policy with a term of at least 15 years. Different types of term life insurance will have different premiums. Level term, in which the death benefit stays the same over the course of the policy, and renewable and convertible term life policies will tend to have higher premiums, but may offer the protections you want.

Premiums
How much you pay for life insurance will depend on a number of factors, including your age, your health, whether you use tobacco, your family health history, and the type and amount of life insurance you're buying. Keep in mind that the premium payments may change later with some types of life insurance. If your policy does not guarantee that premiums will stay the same and that benefits will not decrease, that means the insurance company may raise the rate or lower the benefits. Be especially sure to understand how and why the premium and benefit payments are calculated, and what is guaranteed. Although many policies come with example illustrations of how the insurance company expects the policy to perform, your policy may not get the same performance. If you expect or need guaranteed premium payments and benefits, make sure your policy provides them.

Shop Around
When comparing life insurance quotes, make sure that the policies and insurance coverage you're comparing are similar. And remember, any policy that you buy is only as good as the company that issues it. Find out what rating the company has received from major ratings services, such as A. M. Best or Standard & Poor's. These companies evaluate an insurer's financial condition and claims-paying ability. The company giving you an insurance quote should provide you with this information. You can also contact your state's department of insurance to find out more about an insurer's record.

Submit an Application
Once you're ready to purchase a life insurance policy, you'll fill out a life insurance application that contains questions about your current and past health history and lifestyle. You'll generally be required to take a medical exam, arranged and paid for by the insurance company. The answers you give on your application, along with the results from the medical exam and your past health history, will help the insurance company determine whether to offer you a policy, and if so, at what price. Be sure to answer the questions fully and carefully, because intentionally misrepresenting yourself or hiding information can cause the policy to be cancelled. There are many life insurance options and many companies. Even if you're not eligible for a policy from one company, you can usually get a policy somewhere else.

Read and Understand Your Policy
Life insurance contracts aren't written to be exciting, but read and understand yours. Policy provisions, the amount of benefits, the premium, and other charges you'll pay will be listed along with other important information such as the beneficiaries you've named and the premium guarantee period. Make sure you understand everything in the policy. Under the laws of your state, you may have a "free look" period (typically at least 10 days) during which you can cancel the policy without penalty. If your life insurance policy doesn't meet your needs, it's easier to change it during this period than later, when you may face cancellation penalties.

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